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Měření vybraných kvalitativních parametrů mléka při dojení skotu
KAŠPAR, Roman
o ensure the quality of milked milk, it is necessary to strictly follow hygienic proce dures both during its acquisition and during treatment and storage. The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the quality of milk in correlation with the early detection of dairy cow disease using modern technologies. The literature section introduces the general issues of milk quality. The methodology includes a comparison of the accuracy of different methods for detecting milk quality. These methods can be used to identify advanced disease or early onset disease. With early diagnosis, adequate treatment can be started quickly and save money. The highest accuracy is the results from the per formance control (KU), but these laboratory methods are costly and time consuming. The second measurement was performed using optical methods using the portable de vice Ekomilk Horizon. This method is inexpensive, but less accurate than others. The third measurement was using a milking parlor robot. This method is accurate, the pur chase price is high, but the operating cost is no longer so expensive.
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Stanovení kvalitativních parametrů dojeného mléka indikující zdravotní stav dojnic
PROKOP, Daniel
When only automatic systems are used for milking milk, it is essential to evaluate the quality of the milk, preferably in real-time, to maintain the high quality of the products and at the same time to detect health problems in the dairy cow in good time. By early detection of a dairy cow's health problem, which a change in milk quality can detect, it is also possible to reduce the cost of its treatment and eliminate financial losses du ring a period when we cannot monetize milk. To effectively evaluate the quality of milked milk, it is appropriate to monitor the following parameters: somatic cell count, conductivity, fat, protein, lactose, and urea content. The bachelor's thesis presents the levels of the quantities mentioned above, which indicate changes in the quality of milked milk, internal and external influences that affect them, as well as methods for their detection and evaluation
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The evaluation of milk quality in selected countries of European Union
POKORNÝ, Martin
The diploma thesis deals with the assessment of qualitative indicators of raw cow's milk supplies within the European Union (EU) and the Czech Republic (CR), de-pending on the year and course of the year. Within the EU average values for the observed period 2016-2020 were found for fat contents of 4.01 ? 0.26% and protein content of 3.39 ? 0.13%; in the CR 3.91 ? 0.11% and 3.46 ? 0.08%. The effect of the year within the EU countries was demonstrated only in terms of protein content (p <0.001). When evaluating the effect of individual months in EU countries, includ-ing the CR, statistically significant differences in fat (p <0.001) and protein (p <0.001) content were demonstrated. In summer, the values of both components in-creased, while in winter they decreased. The results of the evaluation of bulk milk samples purchased in the CR show, depending on the year, that the effect on the total bacteria count (p <0.001), residues of inhibitory substances (p <0.05) and freez-ing point of milk (p <0.001) was also found. The effect of the year was elicited for the total bacteria count (p <0.05) and the somatic cell count (p <0.001). From the point of view of milk sales, the quality of raw milk is a primary goal for the producer and at the same time a decisive factor in the monetization of this important animal commodity.
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Some factors affecting milk somatic cell count
ŠPIKLOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this thesis was to compare somatic cells count (SCC) in milk depending on certain factors (month, milk system, lactation). Besides of SCC, also other parameters of milk quality were monitored. Milk sampling took place for 11 weeks in 2017 and samples were taken from 15 milked cows of the Czech Simmental breed. During the milk sampling were used two different parameters of pulsation. Pulsation adjustment significantly shortened the time of milking from 7,34 minutes in average to 6,19 minutes in average (P<0,001). After pulsation adjustment the SCC decreased from 188,000/ml to 154,000/ml as well, however, differences were not statistically significant. Concerning other factors the SCC was mostly affected by the number of lactation (P<0.01), primiparous cows had significantly lower values of the SCC (45,000/ml) that multiparous cows (237,000/ml).
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Dairy cow pasture in relation to somatic cell count in raw cow milk
HNISOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this study was to observe the PSB (somatic cell counts) of raw milk. For this purpose we used dairy cows from different dairy cattle farms, i.e. there were compared three dairy herds using summer pasture and five dairy herds without using summer pasture. The estimated dairy farms (herds) used different technology of stables and milking process, diverged in predipping and postdipping of lacteal gland, and managed with different number of cows in herd. There were found significant differences (P = 0,03; the statistical significance was declared at P < 0,05) between PSB values (in average 260,99.103.ml-1) of summer pastured herds and PSB values (in average 282,44.103.ml-1) of non summer pastured herds, both (pastured and non pastured herds) estimated during the year 2007. The increasing amount of PSB was measured at the beginning of pasture season, and then followed the decreasing of PSB in two of observed herds. One of the observed herds (herd with higher presence of subclinical mastitis) had the same level of PSB during the whole pasture season.
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Vlivy působící na množství somatických buněk v mléce holštýnských krav ve vybraném chovu
Hájková, Kamila
The aim of this thesis was to assess and evaluate various influences on somatic cell count of Holstein cows milk in a selected dairy farm. Five years (2012-2016) of monitoring animal recordings was used as a basis for studying and finding indicators that affect of somatic cells count. Milk yield, fat and protein content were also analyzed from data taken from animal recordings. We studied effects of the month, the year, the number of lactation and the milk yield. Mean values and other statistical indicators of milk compounds (minimum, maximum, coefficiet of variation, standard deviation) were determined and then compared with the other months and years. The results show that milk yield, number of lactation, month of the year effects somatic cell count. Weak correlation was found for influence the fat and protein content on somatic cell count.
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Vliv parametrů mléčné užitkovosti na obsah somatických buněk v mléce u dojnic holštýnského skotu
Střítežská, Andrea
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of milk performance parameters that affect the number of somatic cells in milk in dairy cos holstein cattle. The work was carried out in the Czech Republic on a dairy farm in 2017 from January to December. Parameters included performance, phase lactation, the order of lactation, milk fat content, milk protein content, number of somatic cells. The information was obtained with performance monitoring and self-measuring of ingredients in milk from dairy cows over 305 days of lactation. In total, data from 3 061 dairy cows were processed. The following can be observed for the effect of milk performance parameters on the number of somatic cells. The order of lactation had a highly potent effect (p < 0.01), the younger cows (on the first lactation) had a lower number of somatic cells, with an increasing number of lactating somatic cell counts increasing. The lactation phase had a prominent effect on the number of somatic cells (p < 0.05), the trend showing an increasing tendency with increasing days in lactation. The fertility had a highly potent effect (p < 0.01), when the lower number of somatic cells had dairy cows with higher milk yields, while the higher number of somatic cells was at lower milk yield. The fat and protein content was statistically inconclusive (p > 0.05).
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Vliv ročního období na počet somatických buněk v mléce dojnic
Janovská, Michaela
The diploma thesis was focused on the observation of various factors that are closely related to the number of somatic cells in milk of dairy cows. In particular, the season, the month, the order and stages of lactation and their relation to somatic cells, but also to the individual components of milk, were tested. The information was obtained from the performance and self-monitoring of Farmers farm for one year. As regards the influence of the season, the highest number of somatic cells was found in winter (537 thousand) and lowest in spring (365 thousand), but the difference was not statistically conclusive. The influence of the lactation sequence (min. 257,000 on the first lactation and max. 747,000 on the fifth lactation) and the lactation stage influence (min. 382,000 to 100 days of lactation and max. 557,000 over 401 days of lactation) was equally inconclusive ). A higher number of somatic cells in milk was associated with its lower production but higher protein content. The behavior of cows was substantially more balanced in the stable where the proportion of cows lying ranged from 60 % to 67 % than in grazing where it ranged from 3 % to 69 %.
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Evaluation of mastitis in selected dairy fading
LIŠKA, Zdeněk
Bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of diseases of dairy cattle called mastitis. This is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, which is among the most common and economically the most serious disease of cattle. This disease negatively affects a whole range of factors. One of the easily observable indicators of health status of the mammary gland is the number of somatic cells in milk.
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Mastitis monitoring and factors influencing mammary gland health
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kamila
The thesis explores an issue of mastitis in dairy cows, and factors that influence the health of a mammary gland. In span of 2012-2013, 629 quarter samples of milk were collected, the somatic cells count (SCC) was determined and the results related to the condition of teats base, and also to an order and phase of lactation. The results were compared to the pool samples collected in 2008-2013 (SCC, TBC) and the number and development of clinical mastitis was followed (2012-2013). The condition of teats base was estimated as an important factor contributing to the health of a mammary gland. The lowest SCC was identified in the first phase of lactation, and, contrary to that, the highest SCC was identified in the third phase of lactation (active involution). The order of lactation proved to be an important factor influencing SCC in milk. Dairy cows staying in pasture were shown to have less SCC in milk; it can therefore be concluded that grazing has a positive impact on SCC in milk. In the examined period, very low number of clinical mastitis was determined
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